Wireless-telegraph system.



No. 824,676." y v u I PATBNTBD JUNE26,1906.

l H. SHOEMAKBR. WLRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. 1903.

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merrain HARRY SHUEMAKEM, OF PlilLADlELPHlA, PElFUlSYLl/"ANA, AStilG-NGR, BY

DlRECTND MESNE ASSlGNMEN'l DELPHL, PENNSYLVANlA, AND lllTERNATlhL/tll WiRELESS TELE GRAPH COMPANY, A CGRPORATlON 0F Nid-3N JERSEY.

Specification of Letters atent.

Eatented June 2G, 1905.

To @Z3 whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen ci the United States, residing at Phila# delphia, county ci Philadel hia, and State ol ,lennsylvariim have invente a new and useful Improvement in Wireless Signaling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to wireless signaling systems 'wherein the energy representing the message or signal is of the electroradiant type and transmitted through the natural media. My invention consists oi an arrangement ol circuits at the receivingstation of a wireless signaling system whereby greater etliciency in the transmission of signals is obtained.

My invention consists in the employment of a plurality of wave-responsive devices so grouped or arranged as to beindividually subjected to the 'etl'ect of the received energy while they all combine to control a recording-circuit causing an ellectin such record# 1ng-circuit which 1s, dependent upon the sum of the changes of condition of the several Wave-responsive devices.

My invention consists in employing a plu rality of wave-responsive devicesand joining them in parallel relation with each other so tar as relates to the received energy, and connecting them in series in the local circuit vcontrolled by them so that the condition ci such local circuit shall be changed by an amount dependent upon the sum oi the .changes oi condition orp all the wave-responsive evices,

My invention consists 1n the employment of a plurality of wave-responsive devices, subjecting each to the received energ and joining althe wave-responsive devices in series in the same local circuit so that the resistance of such lop-al circuit shall be changed by an amount dependent upon the sum of the changes in resistance oi the individual waveresponsive devices.

My invention consists further in the employment of a plurality ol' separate and distinct receiving-conductors, employing one or more wave-responsive devices in connection with each receiving-conductor, and connect- Y ing'all the wave-responsive devices in series Y in the same local circuit, whereby the resist-- ance of such local circuit is changed by an amount dependent upon the sum of the resista-nce changes of the individual Wave-re sponsive devices.

,lt often occurs that the wave-responsive device does not invariably respond to the received energy of a wireless signaling system7 causing, therefore, an uncertainty in the record of signals. where a plurality of wave-responsive devices are employed, the probability of a false or indistinct record is reduced because it would rarely happen that all of the wave-responsive devices would simultaneously fail to operate. Furthermore, since'each wave-responsive de- Trice is subjected to the full potential of the received energy each changes in resistance to a considerable extent, and by joining them all in series in the local circuit the ultimate change in resistance in such local circuit is increased.

Y Where a single conductor or perhaps two or three conductors are employed to receive the transmitted energy because the combined capacity of such conductor or conductors may be relatively small, the charge in duced upon them by the transmitted energy is suicient to maintain their potential suiliciently high to operate a Wave-responsive device. ll, however, a plurality of conductors be combined it would be found that the potential eected at the wave-responsivc device-'Would diminish. ln other words, increasing the number of receiving-conductors, so longas such conductors are in direct cornmunication with each other, is not advisable. If, however, a plurality of conductors are employed, and retained separate and distinct with relation to the received energy each will be raised to a like potential which is Sulliciently high to operate a wave-responsive device. This arrangement I employ in my system, keeping the receiving-conductors independent from each other, yet causing the wave-responsive devices coperating with them to operate conjointly to control a local circuit.v v

Reference is to be had to theaccompanying drawings, in Which- Figure l is a diagrammatic view oi there`- ceiving-circuits in which a plurality of receiv ing-conductors are employed each communi By my system, however,`

IOO

eating with Wave-responsive devices in parallel and all the wave-responsive devices connected in series in the local circuit. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a modified arrangement in which a lurality of receiving-conductors are emp oyed, each influencing a wave-responsive device, and all such waveresponsive devices connected in series in the same local circuit. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the circuits showing the employment of a single receiving-conductor in conjunction with the wave-responsive devices arranged as in Fig. 1. Fi 4 is a dia rammatic view showing the emp oyment o a single aerial conductor in conjunction with waveresponsive devices arranged as in Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 1 A represents a receiving-conductor of a wireless signaling system, and Al represents a similar conductor. In communication with each aerial conductor are two wave-responsive devices represented by two terminal members bridged by three members 6. Such Wave-responsive devices may consist of terminal members of carbon bridged by metallic needles or members resting loosely -upon-them or, metallic terminal members bridged by carbon filaments resting upon them. Such devices are self-restoring and though conducting under normal conditions, change their resistance under'. the inuence of received electroradiant energy. The terminal 1 communicates with the lower extremity of the aerial conductor A. Bridging the terminals l and 5 are the three needles or filaments 6 forming one wave-responsive device. Similarly, three needles or filaments 6 bridge the terminal 1 and the terminal 4, thus constituting the second waveresponsive device associated with the vaerial conductor A. Similarly two wave-responsive devices are associated with the conductor A and comprise the terminal members 2, 3 and 4 bridged by the needles or filaments 6. Connected between the lower terminals of the wave-responsive devices and the earthplate E are the condensers K. It is thus seen that each wave-responsive device is connected between an aerial conductor and earth, and that with each aerial conductor 2, needles or lilaments 6, terminal 3, conv duetor S, and receiver 1t. Because of the nature ot' the wave-responsive devices there is at'all times, some current vllowing in the local circuit above traced. Upon the reception of .transmitted energy, however, etch wave-responsive device changes its 'esistance and there results a sudden change in resistance. in the local circuit depending upon the sum of the changes of resistance of the four wave-responsive devices. This causes a click in the telephone-receivers R, R thereby recording a signal. VFor each train of transmitted waves there is produced a click in the telephone-receiver, and a series of trains of transmitted Waves will cause a series of clicks in such receiver thereby enabling one to receive code characters. If one or more of the wave-responsive devices should fail to respond to the received energy there would still be recorded a click in the telephone-receivers,- because those wave-responsive devices which did res ond would change the resistance or' the locaPcircuit, and those which did not respond would not o eratev to prevent the flow of current in th@ .OCal circuit, because, as previously stated, these wave-responsive devices conduct even under normal conditions. It is seen that the aerial conductors A and A operate entirely independently of each other, and before oscillations could be communicated from one to the other, such oscillations would be required to traverse and therefore atleet two wave-,responsive devices. In consequence, each aerial conductor is raised to full potential and such potential is exerted upon the wave-responsive devices.

ln Fig. 2, A, A and A represent three independent aerial conductors each communicating with a wave-responsive device of the kind heretofore described. Between the aerial conductor A and the earth-plate E are connected a wave-responsive device comprising terminal members 7 and 8 and the needles or 'lannnts 6, and a condenser K. Between the aerial eomluctor A/and earthplate IC is connected a condenser K and a wave-responsive device whose terminal members t) and 10 are bridged by the needles or ilaments 6. Between the aerial conductor A/l and earth-plate E is connected a condenser K and a wave-responsive device whose terminal members 1l and 12 are bridged by the needles or iilaments 6. 'l`o prevent any change ol oscillatory energy between the several aerial conductors l employ the choking-coils 13 and 14, which do not, however, prevent the flow of batterycurrent through the local circuit about to be described. llhe three wave-responsive de- IOO ITO

vices referred to are connected in series with condenser C electrical communication is had preferred form and` 'though I have described trical contacts sluch as the. lings coherer in said receiving-circuit, and a local circuit inlas in Fig. 2. A single aerial conductor A is essere etv sponsive devices with res ect to the local circuit is the same as that escribed in connection with Fig. 1.* However', a single aerial conductor Als employed and by means of a three-leaved condenser C communication. is made with the two pairs of wave-responsive devices.

InFig. 4 the dis osition of the Wave-responsive devices an choke-coils is the same employed, andv by means of the four-leaved vvith the three separate Wave-responsive devices. l;

The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is my the Wave-responsive devices as consisting of metal and carbon elements it is to be understood that I may employ any other forni of wave-responsive device.

` The Wave-responsive device herein described is different from the imperfect electhat under normal conditions it conduct-s substantially and*v does not operate to maintain a circuit in practically disrupted condition. The Wave-res onsive device herein described, when included in a local circuit, is always conducting considerable electric current, and its contacts must be considered good contacts as distinct from the imperfect contacts.

that I claim is- 1. A plurality of Wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each other, with regard to the means subjecting them to the in uence of received energy, and connected in serieswith each other with relation to a local circuit.

2. A plurality of wave-responsive devices, means for .subjecting them independently to the influence 9i received energy, and a local circuit including said wave-responsive devices connected in series.

3. In a wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit, a plurality of wave-responsive devices in parallel 'with each other in cluding said wave-responsive devices connected in series with each other.

4. In a Wireless signaling system, a plurality of independent .receiving-circuits, a wav res onsive device included in each cir. andl a local circuit including said wevenl sponsive devices connected in series.

5.. -In a wireless signaling system, a plural-1I ity of independent receiving-circuits, a plu-f rality of wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each receiving-circuit, and a local circuit including said wave-responsive devices connected in series.

6. In a wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit, a plurality of self-restorin Waveresponsive devices connected in paral el each other in said circuit, and a local circuit including said Wave-responsive devices connected in series.-

7. In a wireless signaling system, a receiving-circuit, a plurality of Wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each other,

and subjected to the influence ofsaid circuit,

and a local. circuit including said Wavere sive devices connected in parallel subjectedto the influence of said circuit, and a local circuit including said Waverresponsive de-.

vices in series.

10. In a wireless s1gnaling system, a receiving aerial conductor, a plurality of Waveres onsive devicesconnected in parallel with eac other and associated with said Vaerial conductor, and a local circuit including said Wave-res onsive devices connected in series with eac other. A

11. In a wireless `signaling system," an aerial conductor, an earth connection, and a plurality of Wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each other and betvve'en said aerial conductor and earth connection, and a local circuit including said waveresponsive devices connected in series. with each other.

12. In a Wireless signaling system, an aerial conductor, an earth connection, a plurality of 'wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each other and connected to separate condensers between said aerial conductor and earth connection, and a local cir. cuit including said wave-responsive devices connected in series with each other.

13. In a wireless si aling system, an aerial conductor, an cart 1 connection, a plurality of Wave-responsive devices connected 'in parallel with each other between said aerial conductor and earth connection, a condenser in each branch circuit including a wave-responsive device, and a local circuit including said wave-res )onsive devices connccted in series with cac other.

14. In a wireless signaling system, a plu rality of aerial conductors, .a pluralityV of wave-responsive devices connected in parallel with each other and associated with each aerial conductor, and a local circuit including all said Wave-responsive devices connected in series with each other.

15. In a Wireless signaling system, a plurality of aerial conductors, a plurality of branch circuitsassociated with each aerial conductor and each including a wave-respon- -I OO IIO sive device and condenser, and a local circuit including said Wave-re onsive devices con.- nected in series with eac i other.

16. In a Wireless signaling system, a plurality of independent aerial conductors, an earth connection, a plurality of wams-respon sive devices associated with eachaerial conductor, a condenser connected between each Wave-responsive device and earth connec tion, and a local circuit including said waveresponsive devices connected in series with each other.

17. A wireless signalreceiving system com rising a plurality of Wave-collectors, a sing e indicating. mechanism and a plurality of Wave-responsive devices in parallel for the passage of the signal-transmittin Waves and in series in the circuit of the in icating mechanism.

18. A v'virelesssignalsre-ceiving system comprising a plurality of Wavescollectors and wave-responsive devices, a single indicating mechanism, and means for cumulating the effect of lthe signal-wave upon the different wave-responsive devices in the action upon the indicating mechanism.

19, A wireless signal-reoeiving system com rising a local circuit, an indicating .mec ianism therein, a plurality of Wave-responsive devices in series in said local circuit, and a plurality of Wave-collectors each act lng upon one only of the wave-responsive devices.

HARRY SHEMAKER. Witnesses:

JOHN THIEL, Auen T. BUnnoUcn. 

